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URL encode

Is another word for a web address

Can be composed of words(w3schools.com) or an Internet Protocol(IP) address(192.68.20.50)

URL

Uniform Resource Locator

Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL

URL is used to address a document(or other data) on the web

Web address syntax rule

- scheme://prefix.domain:port/path/filename

Explanation

• scheme : defines the type of Internet service

• prefix : defines a domain prefix

• domain : defines the Internet domain name

• port : defines the port number at the host

• path : defines a path at the server

• filename : defines the name of a document or resource

Common URL schemes

http(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : Common web pages, not encrypted

https(Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) : Secure web pages, encryted

ftp(File Transfer Protocol) : Downloading or uploading files

file : A file on your computer

charset

To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know the char set used in the page

<meta charset="“UTF-8”" />

From ASCII to UTF-8

ASCII was the first char encoding standard

• It defined 128 different char that could be used on the internet(numbers, English letters, some special char)

ISO-8859-1 was the default char set for HTML4

• It supported 256 different char codes

ANSI(Windows-1252) was the original Windows char set

• It is identical to ISO-8859-1, except that ANSI has 32 extra chars

The HTML5 specification encourages web developers to use the UTF-8 char set,

• It covers almost all of the chars and symbols in the world

Entities

Char entities are used to display reserved chars in HTML

syntax

&entity_name; or &#entity_number;
<!-- An entity name is easy to remember, but browser may not support all entity names -->

Non-breaking space

• A commonly used entity in HTML is &nbsp;

• That will not break into a new line

  • If you write 10 spaces in your text, the browser will remove 9 of them

  • To add real spaces to your text, use the &nbsp;