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Scope

Var is only available from inside the region it is created. This is called scope

Local scope

Var created inside a func belongs to the local scope of that func, and can only be used inside that func

Global scope

Var created in the main body of the Python code is a global var and belongs to the global scope

Global var are available from within any scope, global and local

Naming

If operate with the same var name inside and outside of a func, Python will treat them as two separate vars, one available in the global scope and one available in the local scope

Global keyword

If you need to create a global var, but are stuck in the local scope, can use the global

It makes the var global, also, if you want to make a change to a global var inside a func

def func():
    global x
    x = 300
func()
print(x)	# output 300

Module

Consider a module to be the same as a code library

A file containing a set of funcs you want to include in app

When using a func from a module, use the syntax : module_name.func_name

The module also can contain vars of all types

# Save this code in a file name mymodule.py
def greeting(name):
    print(“Hello ” + name)
    person = {“name” = “John”, “age” = 16}

# other file
import mymodule as mm		# can create an alias when import a module

mm.greeting(“Sponge”)	# output “Hello Sponge”
print(mm.persion[“age”])	# output 16

Built-in modules

There are several built-in modules in Python, which you can import whenever you like

import platform

# built-in func to list all the func names (or var names) in a module
x = dir(platform)
print(x)

# Can choose to import only parts from a module
from platform import system		# When importing using the from
x = system()	# don’t use the module name when referring to elements in the module
print(x)	# output Darwin